http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/24875 2013 г. Wed, 22 Apr 2026 00:14:45 GMT 2026-04-22T00:14:45Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28053 Title: ФАКТОР ИНФОРСМЕНТА ПРАВИЛ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ КАЧЕСТВА ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ Authors: Голикова, Т.В.; Голікова, Т.В.; Мельник, В.П.; Мельник, В.П.; MELNIK, V.P. Abstract: Исходя из утверждения о том, что ка­чество институциональной среды экономики определяется не только содержанием самих правил хозяйствования, но и эффективностью инфорсмента этих правил, анализируются ключевые вопросы теории осуществления хозяйственного инфорсмента. В качестве оператора инфорсмента правил хозяйствования рассматривается государство. Основываясь на предпосылке доброжелательного государ­ства, анализируется его функция предотвра­щения проявления и компенсации нежелатель­ных (вредных) эффектов, порождаемых деятельностью экономических агентов. Классифицируются типы таких внешних эффектов и предлагаются соответствующие механизмы их интернализации. Description: Found that the nature of economic dynam­ics (growth / decline in economic activity) and its rate of any country are the functions of the quality of the institutional environment in which econom­ic activity is carried out. On the basis of the claim that the quality of the institutional environments economy depends not only on the content of the management rules, but also the efficiency of these rules enforcement, analyzes the key theory issues about economic enforcement. The state is consid­ered as the operator of management rules en­forcement. Basing on the prerequisite of the be­nevolent state, the authors analyze its function of preventing and compensation is not desirable (harmful) external effects, generated by the activi­ties of economic agents. The emphasis is on the state activities to compel economic agents to ob­serve the conduct rules that the state puts into the economy. It is shown that the core of this compul­sion is deliberate imposition on economic agents special type of costs - sanctions for offense of conduct rules in the economy. The sanctions are the way to internalize the negative externalities that inevitably arise if the recipient violates its rules. Targeted sanctions mean that they are the result of a specialized activity of representatives of the state - the inspectors. The inspector's task is to supervise compliance with the conduct rules by agents of the economy. The value of the sanctions on offenders of the conduct rules, which agents of the economy are considering in decision-making, is always the expected value. This value is equal to the multiplication of the nominal penalty on four probabilities that are less than 1. First, the probability that the agent of the economy behavior will be controlled by an inspector; Secondly, the probability that the inspector finds the rules of­fense; Third, the probability that the inspector finds the offender and the offence will be assigned of this rule offender; Fourth, the probability that the inspector correctly classifies the offence and determine the appropriate sanction. Analyze the factors that affect the likelihood of these. Classify types of negative externalities generated by the activities of the economy agents. To effect such a classification, the scope and criteria of the impact of negative externalities on other economic agents, and the presence or absence of negative externali­ties manufacturers opportunities to compensate the damage. Look the expediency of the use of surveillance of economic agents and the effects of the activities of these agents depending on situa­tions that are of different types of negative externalities. Analyze the possible error in the ap­pointment of sanctions and inspectors responsible for damage caused as a result of their mistakes. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28053 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28052 Title: ДЕЗИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ВОСТОЧНОЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ СТРАН: ЭФФЕКТ КОЛЕИ Authors: КСЕНЗОВ, С.В.; Ксензов, С.В.; KSENZOV, S.V. Abstract: Политическая дезинтеграция являлась обычным явлением на просторах Восточной Европы с момента появления института гос­ударства. Периоды добровольной политиче­ской интеграции были непродолжительными, и дезинтеграция наступала в результате по­литической и экономической слабости инте­грационного центра (Киева, Вильно, Москвы). Глубинные причины дезинтеграции восточно­европейских стран обусловлены различиями в ментальности славянских народов. Кросс- культурное исследование выявило значитель­ную общность белорусской и украинской ментальности. У населения России имеется су­щественный потенциал предпринимательской способности. Что указывает на вероятность интеграционной активности Москвы. Пассив­ная интеграционная позиция Украины обуслов­лена «эффектом колеи». Description: Political disintegration has been a common phenomenon in the vast Eastern Europe areas since the introduction of the institute of the state. Its first manifestation is an establishment in Polotsk of the independent grand prince dynasty of Rogvolodoviches versus Rurikoviches. The pe­riods of voluntary political integration were short, and the disintegration occurred as a result of polit­ical and economic weakness of the integration center (Kiev, Vilnius, Moscow). In the XVIII - XIX centuries, Belarusians and Ukrainians in the Russian Empire survived the forced integration. Integration processes in the USSR were contro­versial and led to the accumulation of disintegra­tion potential. The root causes of the disintegration of the Eastern European countries are not on­ly due to this, but also due to differences in the mentality of the Slavic peoples. Cross-cultural re­search has revealed a significant commonality of Belarusian and Ukrainian mentality. In attitude and behavior of the Russian population there is a tendency to assertiveness and toughness, focus on material success. This indicates significant poten­tial of entrepreneurial ability in this country. A considerable part of Russian society is focused on the long term prospects as opposed to the Belarus- ian-Ukrainian brief orientation to the past and pre­sent, with respect for the traditions and social ob­ligations. On the basis of these facts, it is clear that integration initiatives will come from Moscow. Passive integration position of Ukraine is due to "the track effect." The negative experience of po­litical and economic integration (loss of sover­eignty, "famine", etc.) causes Ukrainian fears of the Eastern unifying initiatives. This tendency can be overcome by the successful functioning of the Customs Union and other unions to guarantee equal rights for members, indisputable sovereign­ty. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28052 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28045 Title: ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ В ХОДЕ РАЗВИТИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ЦИКЛОВ Authors: ПОДЛЕСНАЯ, В.Г.; PODLESNAYA, V.G.; Підлісна, В.Г. Abstract: Обосновано, что движение социально- экономических циклов смены способов производства определяется развитием и разреше­нием противоречий между внешней институ­циональной архитектоникой бытия общества и внутренней человеческой личности. Раз­работана классификация важнейших социаль­ных институтов. Рассмотрена трансформа­ция важнейших социальных институтов в исторической ретроспективе. Сопоставлена хронология развития волн больших социально- экономических циклов и хронология революционных преобразований института государ­ства. Description: Problems of socio-economic dynamics are discussed in this paper in respect to the position of logical and historical approach to the study of in­stitutional transformations. In the end, there is made a conclusion that the movement of the so­cio-economic cycles of changing the modes of production is determined by the development and resolution of conflicts between the external insti­tutional architectonics of the society's being and the internal one - of the human personality. The external institutional architectonics of the social being is defined as a developed view of the "common sense", "norms of behavior" in the spe­cific historical circumstances, which is represent­ed by the structure of social institutions containing the rules to ensure this "common sense", which corresponds with the general aesthetic plan of building up the social system in a particular mode of production. The internal institutional architec­tonics of the human person is determined by the way of thinking of an individual who has to make decisions in specific historical conditions. The ex­ternal institutional architectonics is reflected in the internal institutional architectonics of a human being. Social institutes are the product of the past, their transformation determined by the level of the productive forces development, but formed in the minds of the initially small stratum of the society that sets the wave of innovative socio-economic transformation. The dialectical process of institu­tional change does not involve the complete aboli­tion of the old institutes and the introduction of completely new ones. A change of institutions' hierarchy occurs the first. Moreover, there is a flexible and agile framework of institutional archi­tectonics and its transformations correspond to the general rhythm of the dialectic of the social organ­ism. It consists of a generic primary and vital so­cial institutions and derivatives of social institu­tions. Changing the modes of production in ac­cordance with the law "negation of the negation" is associated with a radical restructuring of the hierarchy of institutions and change of their func­tions according to the source of economic rela­tions transformation and the goal of social produc­tion. Social institutions as a product of the past at some point cease to meet the needs of the social reproduction dynamics, which is an important cause of recurrent socio-economic crises. There were considered the transformations of the institute of family, private property and the state in historical perspective. In all pre-capitalist formations institute of the family was not only the primary tribal institution, but also an important economic unit. With the transition to capitalism there began and today are intensifying the pro­cesses of disintegration and differentiation of the family institute. The institute of private property on the factor of production, most important for a particular historical epoch, is generated by the di­vision of labor and determined by the level of productive forces development. The division of labor occurs not only on the functional areas, but in fact - on the militant, aggressive (control) and peacefully - creative (work) activities. The institu­tion of private property has become an important institutional base for the militantly - predatory ac­tivity. There should be highlighted the internal and external militant aggressive activities (assigning a greater portion of the publicly produced gross na­tional product). Internal militantly-invasive activi­ty is the basis for developing the processes of la­bor alienation. The possibility for existing the mode of production in which the basic economic relationship is the creation of surplus value is de­termined by the simultaneous presence of private ownership of the means of production and the institution of the state, declaring, but not ensuring the equality of all members of the society. The private ownership of the means of production makes the deep institutional framework of socio­economic cyclical crises of capitalism. A compari­son of the history of the waves of great socio­economic cycles with the revolutionary changes in the state's institution in the leading countries in a specific historical period led to the conclusion that epochal transformations of the state institution fall on the upside wave of large cycles. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28045 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28003 Title: Институционализация централизованной модели закупок в государственном секторе: взаимодействие макро- и микроуровня Authors: Белокрылое, К.А.; Бєлокрилов, К.А.; BELOKRYLOV, K.A. Abstract: В настоящее время основным направлением развития системы госзакупок в РФ в соответствии с переходом к Федеральной контрактной системе выступает централизация. Опыт интеграции всех этапов закупок продукции, работ, услуг для удовлетворения общественных и коммунальных потребностей накоплен в США, а также ЕС, анализ которого позволил сделать вывод о том, что централизованная модель закупок предусматривает создание своеобразного закупочного центра, куда стекаются заявки от подразделений. В случае максимального уровня централизации формируется специальное ведомство, отвечающее за все госзакупки или соответствующий закупочный департамент для крупной компании. Такое специальное управление создано для осуществления закупок в ЮФУ. Но до недавнего вре­мени оно, фактически, выполняло роль «сва­дебного генерала», лишь транслируя закупки подразделений ЮФУ-центра, напряду с кото­рым самостоятельно осуществляли закупки Архитектурный, Педагогический и Технологический институты ЮФУ. Это потребовало существенной переработки Положения о закупке ЮФУ как автономного учреждения. Description: The problem of introducing modern meth­ods and tools for organizing and managing government contracts is particularly relevant in rela­tion to the task, set before the Russian economy, to realize large-scale projects, primarily of techno­logical modernization on the basis of reindustrialization of major industries. Meanwhile, in the pre­sent, there are almost no scientifically developed criteria and indicators of effectiveness of the sys­tem of state orders; not enough attention is paid to the qualitative improvement of public procure­ment management. A methodological basis for the formation of an effective system of public procurement is made by neo-institutionalism in which market relations are conceptually viewed through the prism of mu­tually beneficial contractual relationships. Con­tract paradigm in institutional theory is realized both from the outside - through the study of the institutional environment within which the choice of the economic actors' behavior rules: social, le­gal and political, as well as through relationships that form the basis of organizations, that is, from the inside. In the context of the economic theory of property rights, a contract is defined as any in­stitutional agreement on the exchange of powers and protection, which is the result of conscious and free choice in the general framework of inter­action given by institutes. The purpose of this study is, on the basis of testing the problem situations prevailing in the system of meeting the needs of the public sector at the macro and micro level, to justify centralization as the strategic direction of its radical moderniza­tion and by analyzing the experience of the U.S. and EU to propose ways to implement this strate­gy. The following "bottlenecks" of the existing system to meet the needs of the public sector have been identified: overlapping functions of account­ing and purchasing department to keep the register of contracts; hindering innovation in manufac­turing activity, while an innovative demand in the Russian economy is primarily created by the gov­ernment; establishing the connection with in­troducing a special calculation of the initial contract price situation of "tightening the price"; Expanding corruption component of most trades to the borders threat to the econom­ic security of the country. Overcoming these "failures" of public procurement is provided by implementing the strate­gies of centralization through the formation of the Federal Contract System. Experience of integra­tion of all stages of products and services pro­curement to meet the needs of the public and communal accumulated in the U.S. and the EU, whose analysis led to the conclusion that a central­ized procurement model provides for a kind of Shopping Centers, which unite applications from departments. In case of the maximum level of cen­tralization, there is formed a special department responsible for all government purchases or the relevant procurement department for a large com­pany. Such a special department for procurement was created at SFU. But until recently, it has, in fact, served as a "figurehead", only translating procurement departments of the SFU center, to­gether with which Architectural, Pedagogical and Technological Institutes of Southern Federal Uni­versity carries out procurement independently. This required substantial processing of procurement regulations at SFU as an autonomous institu­tion. The centralized procurement model of autonomous agency's purchase implemented in the new "Regulations on the purchase" will provide growth in the goods and services and, therefore, increase in saving financial resources of SFU. The spread of this positive experience of centralized purchases for virtually all purchases of SFU will contribute to both the quality of purchased goods and the growth of economy as economies of scale. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://ea.donntu.ru/handle/123456789/28003 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z